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The Romans used the term barbarus for uncivilised people, opposite to Greek or Roman, and in fact, it became a common term to refer to all foreigners among Romans after Augustus age (as, among the Greeks, after the Persian wars, the Persians), including the Germanic peoples, Persians, Gauls, Phoenicians and Carthaginians.

The Ancient Greek name βάρβαρος (bárbaros) ‘barbarian’ was an antonym for πολίτης (politēs) ‘citizen’, from πόλις (polis) ‘city’. The earliest attested form of the word is the Mycenaean Greek 𐀞𐀞𐀫, pa-pa-ro, written in Linear B syllabic script.

The Greeks used the term barbarian for all non-Greek-speaking people, including the Egyptians, Persians, Medes and Phoenicians, emphasizing their otherness. According to Greek writers, this was because the language they spoke sounded to Greeks like gibberish represented by the sounds “bar…bar…;” the alleged root of the word bárbaros, which is an echomimetic or onomatopoeic word.

from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbarian

🤔

The CEO of the Metro supermarket chain confirmed plans to continue business in Russia. The National Agency for Prevention of Corruption included Metro AG in the list of international war sponsors.

https://leave-russia.org/metro-ag

French retailer Auchan close to selling its stores in Russia https://www.lemonde.fr/en/economy/article/2024/10/25/french-retailer-auchan-close-to-selling-its-stores-in-russia_6730451_19.html

Auchan leaves Russia: local buyer found for subsidiary - 24 October 2024 https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2024/10/24/7481204/

auchan & metro? still?

After the Russian invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022, the Ukrainian government appealed to Turkey to exercise its authority under the Montreux Convention to limit the transit of Russian warships from the Mediterranean to the Black Sea. At least six Russian warships and a submarine had crossed the Turkish straits in February. After initial reluctance, attributed to the country’s close ties with both Russia and Ukraine, Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu announced on 27 February that his government would legally recognise the Russian invasion as a “war”, which provides grounds for implementing the convention with respect to military vessels. This blockage of naval vessels also applies to NATO powers who cannot now move their vessels from the Mediterranean to the Black Sea. However, Çavuşoğlu reiterated that pursuant to the terms of the agreement, Turkey cannot block Russian warships based in the Black Sea from returning to their registered base.

Two Russian Federation ships (the missile cruiser Varyag, the flagship of the Russian Pacific Fleet, and Admiral Tributs, a large anti-submarine destroyer) waited in the Mediterranean seeking to enter the Black Sea for nine months. In October 2022, they were refused permission and left the Mediterranean Sea through the Suez Canal.

On 2 January 2024 Turkey refused passage through the strait to two minehunters donated by the British Royal Navy to the Ukrainian Navy pursuant to the Convention.

for more information ☞ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreux_Convention_Regarding_the_Regime_of_the_Straits

Khami (also written as Khame, Kame, or Kami) is a ruined city located 22 kilometres (14 mi) west of Bulawayo, in Zimbabwe. It was once the capital of the Kingdom of Butua of the Torwa dynasty. It is now a national monument and became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1986.

from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khami

thanks for sharing this.

What a pleasure to read

“beylik” could have been translated as “principality”

with the classification “peoples”, not the language

would you like it to be broken down into Sorani, Kurmanji etc?

me, i don’t care.

many (all?) kurds would disagree with that classification

compasses point south too

can you, as a perception exercise, try to see some of the other missing territories and list them in a reply?

when?

in the summer or winter?

The hammer and sickle is a communist symbol representing proletarian solidarity between agricultural and industrial workers. It was first adopted during the Russian Revolution at the end of World War I, the hammer representing workers and the sickle representing the peasants.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hammer_and_sickle

Russian flag ☞

New Mexico’s history has contributed to its unique demographic and cultural character. It is one of only seven majority-minority states, with the nation’s highest percentage of Hispanic and Latino Americans and the second-highest percentage of Native Americans, after Alaska. The state is home to one–third of the Navajo Nation, 19 federally recognized Pueblo communities, and three federally recognized Apache tribes. Its large Hispanic population includes Hispanos descended from settlers during the Spanish era, and later groups of Mexican Americans since the 19th century.

In the United States of America, majority-minority area or minority-majority area is a term describing a U.S. state or jurisdiction whose population is composed of less than 50% non-Hispanic whites. It is defined as a population with a collective majority of nationwide minorities, meaning a grouping of racial and ethnic groups (other than the national majority) that composes over 50% of the territorial population, regardless if one of those minority groups already attains a majority on its own. No single minority is yet the majority in any state, with the closest to that end being Hispanics in New Mexico (49% of the total population as of the 2020 census).

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majority_minority_in_the_United_States
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico

A little over 9% of New Mexican residents are foreign-born, and an additional 6.0% of U.S.-born residents live with at least one immigrant parent. The proportion of foreign-born residents is below the national average of 13.7%, and New Mexico was the only state to see a decline in its immigrant population between 2012 and 2022.

In 2018, the top countries of origin for New Mexico’s immigrants were Mexico, the Philippines, India, Germany and Cuba. As of 2021, the vast majority of immigrants in the state came from Mexico (67.6%), followed by the Philippines (3.1%) and Germany (2.4%).

shouldn’t it rather be the Philippines flag there?

days of the week in Azerbaijani 😯 https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/şənbə#

• şənbə - from persian, which comes from hebrew “sabbath” (day of rest?)
• bazar - market
• bazar ertəsi - day after the market day
• çərşənbə axşamı - day before the fourth day after the rest day
• çərşənbə - fourth day after the rest day
• cümə axşamı - day before the gathering day?
• cümə - gathering?

only 3 days count: rest - market - gathering. The rest is before or after